Field Manual (FM) 3-36, "Electronic Warfare," provides Army doctrine for electronic warfare (EW) planning, preparation, execution, and assessment in support of unified land operations. Electronic warfare is military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy (JP 3-13.1). Electronic warfare (EW) consists of three divisions: electronic attack, electronic protection, and electronic warfare support. EW capabilities are emerging as an increasingly important means by which commanders can shape operational environments to their advantage.