Cities in the region are increasingly at risk of heat waves, which are expected to be more severe and persistent due to global warming. The urban poor are especially vulnerable to heat stress and associated health and productivity impacts as they often work outdoors and tend to live in overcrowded housing without adequate ventilation or cooling. The publication emphasizes that policies and investments to address heat stress in cities need to be based on long-term planning and actions at all scales: individual and household, neighborhood, and city.